Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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Origins and Progress in
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
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What is Magnetic Resonance Angiography?
  • The use of a Magnetic Resonance signal to detect and display three dimensional vascular structure
  • The Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Molecular motion
  • Four Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Molecular Imaging:
 
“The in vivo imaging of biologic processes at the Molecular Level”
  • Magnetic Resonance Angiography:


  • “The MR Imaging of Molecular Motion”
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Developing MRA
  • Phase Contrast
  • Time of Flight
  • Contrast Enhanced
  • fMRI
  • Perfusion Imaging
  • Diffusion Imaging
  • Tensor Imaging
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Increasing Field Strength
  • Enhances signal to noise
  • Shortens acquisition times
  • Increases spatial and spectral resolution
  • Improves soft tissue background suppression for MRA
  • Overall marked improvement in Contrast-to-Noise ratio
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Why higher field strength?
  • Anatomic MRI
    • Higher SNR
    • Improve tissue characterization
    • Detect otherwise occult disease
  • Functional MRI
    • Higher CNR (BOLD)
    • Higher resolution
    • Detect otherwise occult function
  • Flow related techniques (MRA, perfusion)
    • Longer T1 gives improved background suppression
    • Metabolic imaging (MRS)
    • Higher SNR
    • Improved metabolite discrimination
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3T Applications:  TOF MRA
  • Better background suppression
    • T1 prolongation results in better TOF MRA with improved background suppression
  • Greater inflow enhancement
  • Improved visualization of distal vessels
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Limitations to 3T MRA
  • Availability
  • Reliability
  • Elevated SARs
  • Increased T2* dephasing
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3T TOF MRA
Normal Patient
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3T TOF MRA
Abnormal Findings
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3T TOF MRA
Abnormal Findings
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3D TOF MRA
Ophthalmic Artery
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3D TOF Ophthalmic Artery MRA
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3D TOF MRA
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3D TOF MRA
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3T PERFUSION
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3T TENSOR IN DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY
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Listening to Brahms
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Listening to Someone Reading Prose
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Data Management and Imaging Perspective
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Topographic Anatomy of the Cerebral Vessels
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Transparent Anatomy of the Cerebral Vessels
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Axial Brain MRA
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3T TOF Extremity MRA
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MRA is Changing
  • Change is the only sustainable competitive advantage
  • “In times of change, learners inherit the earth, while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to deal with a world that no longer exists.”
    -- Eric Hoffer
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There is nothing permanent except change

-- Heraclitus
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"Never argue with an idiot"
  • Never argue with an idiot.  They drag you down to their level, then beat you with experience.